Wound classification
A wound is a mechanical damage (defect) of the skin, mucous membranes, underlying tissues and internal organs that occurs due to external influences. The modern classification of wounds is carried out according to several factors, which we will analyze below. The classic signs of an immediate establishment of the presence of a wound, in addition to damage to the skin and mucous membranes:
- pain;
- bleeding;
- hiatus.
Classification of wounds by their type
- Simple - wounds in which there is no damage to the internal organs.
- Complex wounds - characterized by damage to internal organs.
- Open wounds are characterized by gaping and noticeable damage to the skin.
- Closed wounds - without damage to the skin or with minor damage - bruises, contusions.
According to the etiological factor
- Surgical (operational) - injuries received during surgery. They are aseptic.
- Accidental - wounds received without surgical intervention.
By type of traumatic agent
cut- are applied with a sharp cutting object. They are characterized by the presence of smooth edges, little damage to cells and the absence of damage to surrounding tissues.
Stab - applied with a sharp piercing object. Characterized by a deep narrow wound channel with minor damage to the skin. Dangerous by the presence of damage to internal organs and blood vessels, especially large ones.
Chopped - applied with a sharp, heavy object. Wide gaping of the wound, damage to the deep layers of tissues, concussion and bruising of the tissues surrounding the edges of the wound, which reduce their regenerative abilities, are characteristic.
Bitten - in appearance - stab-crushed, applied as a result of an animal bite. Dangerous by infection of the wound surface and underlying tissues, infection with the rabies virus.
Bruised, torn, crushed - arise due to the mechanical impact of a blunt object, characterized by rupture and crushing of tissues, rupture and thrombosis of blood vessels. Rupture wounds have crushed edges. All of these wounds often become infected.
Abrasions - occur when falling, damage to the epidermis is characteristic without injuring the underlying tissues.
Scalped - characterized by layer-by-layer exfoliation of the skin.
Firearms - applied with a firearm using a bullet, a fragment. A complex anatomical characteristic is characteristic, features of tissue damage with areas of complete destruction, necrosis, and molecular concussion. There are through, blind, tangent and others. With a gunshot wound, the degree of infection is high.
Burns - obtained under the influence of high temperatures or the action of alkalis, acids, radiation. Characterized by tissue necrosis under the influence of thermal or chemical agents.
Mixed - wounds that combine several damaging factors. Example:
- Poisoned - wounds, accompanied by the ingress of poison into the wound cavity - bites of snakes, scorpions, throwing a poisoned object. A stab wound is combined with the effects of poison on the body.
Classification of wounds by infection
- Aseptic.
- Freshly infected.
- Purulent.
Relative to body cavities
- penetrating.
- Non-penetrating.
Depending on the occurrence of complications
- Complicated.
- Uncomplicated.
By type of healing
- With healing by primary intention, without the process of suppuration.
- With healing by secondary intention, characterized by the presence of a wound suppuration phase with the development of granulations.
- With healing under the scab.
